塵蟎過敏該如何抵抗？以及塵蟎肉眼真的看得見？讓醫師來為你解答

塵蟎(house dust mite)被認為是室內灰塵中過敏原的主要來源，會促發過敏性呼吸道疾病，而塵蟎過敏儼然成為世界許多地區氣喘的主要原因，而避免接觸可有效防止過敏，能減少呼吸道疾病的發展和嚴重程度⁽¹⁾。一般認為接觸塵蟎過敏原的途徑主要為吸入，然而研究觀察到由口攝入塵蟎的途徑可能是讓兒童過敏的主要原因。近年來，許多針對兒童塵蟎過敏的研究都指出，避免接觸蟎蟲能非常有效降低急性氣喘的發生，尤其是生活環境與床單、被套等必須保持清潔⁽²⁾。

塵蟎是什麼？

威而鋼100mg,犀利士20mg,樂威壯,必利勁

塵蟎(house dust mite)是引起過敏性疾病的原因，品種相當多，一般而言塵蟎大約有3個月的壽命，生命週期包括卵、幼蟲和成蟲等階段，成蟲的大小約為四分之一到三分之一毫米，即可為肉眼所見。塵蟎的地理和季節分佈取決於是否需要足夠的濕度，而在環境中的分佈又取決於它們避光的情況。塵蟎中含有過敏原的顆粒通過接觸眼睛、鼻子、下呼吸道、皮膚和腸道的上皮，會在這些器官中引起過敏症狀，臨床病症包括鼻炎、鼻竇炎、結膜炎、氣喘和異位性皮膚炎⁽³⁾。而台灣地區常見的塵螨過敏來源：屋塵蟎(Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus)、粉塵蟎、微角塵蟎、梅氏嗜黴蟎與熱帶無爪塵蟎⁽⁴⁾。

樂威壯

塵蟎常出沒的地方

屋塵蟎一般在潮濕氣候中生長良好，尤其是在不通風的住宅內或熱帶氣候中，塵蟎在75%的相對濕度下最容易繁殖；並從人類皮膚皮屑中獲取營養，存在於床墊、軟墊家具(沙發、坐墊等)和地毯中。為減少塵蟎的滋生與接觸，一般建議在冬季時，經常用冷空氣對住宅進行通風，讓室內濕度降低；在床墊、枕頭和羽絨被上覆蓋包裹物可以減少與蟎蟲過敏原長期接觸的可能性，或是建議每週更換床單更好⁽⁵⁾。而在家中塵蟎之分布也有所不同，根據一研究結果發現，可以直接肉眼觀察到蟎蟲的結果：床單(35%)，臥室地毯(30%)，客廳地毯(15%)；皮膚點刺測試(Skin Prick Test)結果陽性的受試者中，其床單和臥室地毯中發現的蟎蟲多於測試結果陰性受試者的床單和地毯。此外還發現，有陽光直接照射的家庭與沒有陽光照射的家庭相比，其蟎蟲較少⁽⁶⁾。

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建議國人，若是小朋友已經出現一些類似過敏的症狀，可以就醫進行過敏檢測，確認是何種物質造成小朋友的過敏並進行處理，若確認是塵蟎所導致的過敏，可以從環境清潔、生活習慣等方式去做調整與改善，並可以搭配一些保健食品做攝取，以達到降低或是緩解過敏症狀的發生。

參考資料：https://www.dha.tw
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